Woodknowledge Wales

Woodknowledge Wales

Inspiring innovation through collaboration

Building Elements

Why invest in woodfibre insulation manufacturing in Wales | Policy Briefing

by

A healthy, high performance and low carbon built environment is an essential element of the Welsh Government’s ambitious decarbonisation strategy. Welsh Government policy aims to ensure that low carbon homes are increasingly delivered by local companies using sustainable Welsh supply chains. The Welsh Government regards woodfibre insulation as a key material to decarbonise existing as well as new homes. 

Woodfibre insulation has reached a level of market acceptance in the UK construction sector that justifies the establishment of a Wales based production centre. The Welsh Government believes that the high cost of transport from the continent is now critically hindering market growth for woodfibre insulation products in the UK market. Locating the UK’s first woodfibre insulation manufacturing facility in Wales benefits from the following key advantages: 

— The development of the forest industries sector in Wales is a strategic priority and part of the Welsh Government’s plans to re-focus the Welsh economy upon the sustainable use of the country’s natural resources. 

— The Welsh Government is implementing a range of ambitious policy interventions at both the industrial and the community levels to increase economic resilience and to support ambitious decarbonisation plans for Wales. 

DOWNLOAD REPORT

Research project launches to increase traceability and transparency in mass timber supply chains

by

Built by Nature, a network and grant-making fund with a mission to accelerate the timber and biobased building transformation, has awarded €330,000 to three projects from its first Challenge initiative. The “From Forest to Frame” Challenge was launched in November of 2022 with the goal to increase the transparency around the climate impacts of decisions made along the bio-based construction value chain.

IMPACTT – Innovative Mapping and Processes to Advance Construction Timber Transparency

One of these projects is IMPACTT – Innovative Mapping and Processes to Advance Construction Timber Transparency. ASBP is the project lead, with a team consisting of Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification (PEFC UK), DoubleHelix Tracking Technologies, Agrodome in the Netherlands, Woodknowledge Wales, Stora Enso, and Eurban, with support from CEI-Bois and TDUK.

“Woodknowledge Wales is delighted to support this exciting project. We know from our work with construction professionals throughout the UK, that whilst the benefits of timber as a material are increasingly well understood, the role of the forest in providing that timber and the impact on critically important ecosystem services such as biodiversity, is generally poorly understood. This creates the space for negative counter narratives about trees and timber. This project will help to put biodiversity information alongside carbon data to help clients and specifiers in their decision making and impact reporting.” Gary Newman, CEO

Overlaying biodiversity and forest data onto the PEFC Certification system

The aim of IMPACTT is to investigate how we might overlay biodiversity data and forest data onto the PEFC Certification system.

“We aim to find six mass timber buildings from the UK and the Netherlands where we can trace back the mass timber elements to forests where there has been active biodiversity measurement, monitoring, and management. We want to bring the forest of origin much closer to the building and will investigate how a QR code situated on the building might bring this additional information about the forest to the building user,” said the ASBP press office.

PEFC is the world’s largest certification system for sustainable forest-based products, with over 280 million hectares of certified forests. The PEFC scheme undergoes regular revisions every seven years, with the last revision having been completed in 2020. For the next revision, PEFC are considering integrating carbon and biodiversity impacts into their programmes and so this project could have a significant impact on the implementation of these changes.

“PEFC UK is delighted to be part of the team for this project, the results of which could have a positive influence on the direction of future revisions of PEFC’s global standards. With forthcoming legislation in some regions requiring complete supply chain mapping, the timing and scope of the project should provide invaluable information on the solutions to achieve fully traceable, sustainable timber supply chains.” John Kirkby, Executive Director

Addressing information gaps in the mass timber supply chain

IMPACTT will also explore ways to address information gaps in the mass timber supply chain and enable better visualisation using digital supply chain mapping tools. This work will be led by DoubleHelix. In addition, we will conduct interviews with industry stakeholders to gauge their understanding of the fundamentals of sustainable forest management, with the aim of understanding where the learning gaps are and then suggest resources to fill those gaps.

DoubleHelix is excited to lead the digital supply chain mapping efforts for the IMPACTT project, paving the way for true transparency in timber sourcing. We believe that bridging the gap between the forest of origin and the end user will revolutionize how the public understand and value sustainable forest management.” Darren Thomas, CEO

Introducing IMPACTT at UK Construction Week

We are introducing IMPACTT at UK Construction Week in Birmingham NEC on 5th October at 14.10 in the Sustainability Hub, with speakers from ASBP, PEFC UK, DoubleHelix and Stora Enso. The ASBP team will be on stand T444 over the three days and we have convened two other talks: please see here for the details https://asbp.org.uk/upcomingevents

“As built environment professionals are getting to grips with carbon emissions to help mitigate the climate emergency, innovation’s focus shifts to the nature emergency and how the structures we are creating today impact biodiversity via their supply chains. Part of the global bioeconomy, Stora Enso are honoured to be collaborating with this project team to demystify the mass timber journey from seedling to building.” Dr Mila Duncheva, MCIOB, Business Development Manager of UK & Ireland

Further Forest to Frame Challenge projects

The other two projects funded under the Forest to Frame Challenge are led by UK based research and education consultancy EVOLVING FORESTS and W/E consultants in the Netherlands. Evolving Forests will produce a series of curated films and media content to enhance the understanding of different stakeholders’ roles within the timber value-chain, and to build their understanding of sustainable forestry. Stichting W/E adviseurs duurzaam bouwen (W/E Consultants) will work to generate better carbon accountability within the European cross-laminated timber value chain by proposing new and accurate calculation methods.

Biodiversity measurement is a fast evolving science and Biodiversity Net Gain’s (BNG) transitional arrangements were due to close in November 2023, with BNG delivery to become a mandatory requirement for the vast majority of housebuilders and developers on all developments in the UK. However, the government has just delayed putting this into effect. Mass timber has the potential to reduce the embodied impact of construction versus more conventional materials such as concrete and steel. It is strong and light, and as a natural material, has a strong aesthetic appeal. This work follows on from our Mass Timber Insurance Playbook, which is a free download from our website.

Wood Fibre Insulation – Specification Guidance

by

A building’s thermal performance is now as important an aspect of the building’s design and construction as its structure. Energy prices and climate change are often cited as the principal reasons for the increased energy and CO2 reduction standards required of our built environment. Less known is the fact that insulation can also play a major role in our health, safety, comfort and wellbeing.
When higher levels of thermal performance are required, this has a significant impact on building physics and other dynamic elements of a building’s performance.
Woodfibre insulation has a number of properties that enables it to provide a multifunctional role within the construction of a home. When specified and installed correctly, woodfibre provides protection against summertime overheating, enhanced acoustic performance and moisture control. The latter provides a building fabric with additional insurance against potential moisture problems that could otherwise undermine the integrity of the building and the health of the occupants.
Woodfibre is highly sustainable, locking up considerably more CO2 than is produced in manufacture. It can therefore play an essential part of a strategy for mitigating climate change.
This document provides information for specifiers and procurement specialists working on social housing projects. It is designed to help with the specification of wood fibre insulation within a social housing context. It provides performance criteria and indicates what needs to be considered when specifying woodfibre insulation.
DOWNLOAD GUIDANCE

Zero Carbon Homes—Zero Carbon Timber Solutions for Wales

by

What is the zero carbon timber housing solution for Wales?
This document proposes a range of timber build solutions. Results are based on the analysis of an appropriate and future proofed definition for ‘zero carbon’, followed by design and calculation to develop an understanding of the quantifiable factors of embodied and operational carbon. Using a fabric first approach, an examination of existing and alternative timber construction methods, materials and systems offers a range of developed timber solutions that are capable of meeting the target fabric specification. These include information on whole carbon emission and offsetting calculations for a range of key typologies demonstrating the routes to Zero.
The detailed report presents findings from the Home-Grown Homes Project including actions for further detailed design, training and skills, technical development and testing, design and modelling tools. These may be relevant for designers, manufacturers, specifiers and clients.
DOWNLOAD REPORT

The role of our own conifer forests for building a sustainable society in Wales

by

Despite wide recognition of their value, plantation forests are critically misunderstood and undervalued in Wales. Plantation forests comprise around 7% of the planet’s forest area whilst sustainably supplying over 50% of industrial roundwood. This report looks at myths and tropes around home-grown timber and considers research results from wood science and socio-economic aspects across planting, forest management, timber grading and processing.
Modern British sustainable forest management techniques were established 150 years ago and are still appropriate for efficiently growing construction grade softwoods. Exemplar stands of high grade Douglas fir in north Wales grow some of the largest conifer trees existing in Europe. Older conifer stands across Wales have great potential to produce high grade joinery softwood. Sitka spruce forests are routinely denigrated, nevertheless over 95% of Welsh spruce sawlogs can be graded to strength class from C16 to C27 because of Sitka spruce’s high strength to weight ratio. Yet, quality is regularly used as a weasel word in order to reinforce negative views about Welsh homegrown softwoods.
The FAO reported in 2013 that current trends in European forest management could result in an over-supply of wood from broadleaved species, as well as a shortfall of coniferous timber. Planted forests are exposed to socio-economic risks due to governance failures. These risks comprise a weak or inadequate forest policy framework including insecure investment conditions.
DOWNLOAD REPORT

Wooden Windows-Specification guidance for timber windows

by

Windows provide an outlook on the world. They help set the tone and character for a building and the area in which it stands. Windows define natural lighting levels and thermal comfort essential for the wellbeing of residents. They offer sound protection and keep homes safe from intrusion. Windows are an essential part of the building fabric and as such contribute to a development’s overall energy performance.
Modern factory-finished timber windows have a better environmental performance than any other window material. They have a longer service life and lower whole life costs than uPVC windows. Wooden windows can be repaired and recoated throughout their lifetime and are the best option for achieving zero carbon buildings. They can be sourced from local manufacturers using home-grown timber and support economic recovery in Wales.
The multiple benefits wooden windows deliver over their life-span in terms of maintenance, durability, embodied carbon, and other social and environmental aspects make them excellent value for money.
This document provides information for specifiers and procurement specialists working on social housing projects. It is designed to help with the specification of low-carbon timber windows in a social housing context. It provides performance criteria and indicates what needs to be considered to achieve these in practice. Windows are an essential element of the building fabric and should not be discussed in isolation. They should be considered very early in the design process when deciding what build system to use.
DOWNLOAD GUIDANCE

Timber Cladding—Specification Guidance for Social Housing

by


Timber cladding has become increasingly popular, mainly for its sustainability credentials and low environmental impact: It has a low carbon footprint as it requires less energy to produce than any other construction material and helps lock carbon into the building fabric. It is made from renewable material – wood – and can be reused, recycled or used as fuel at the end of its service life. Timber cladding is widely available from sustainably managed forests and can be sourced locally.
With correct detailing, proper installation and appropriate materials, timber cladding will provide a long lasting decorative and functional façade to any type of development, new build or existing stock.
This document provides information for specifiers and procurement specialists working on social housing projects. It is designed to help with the strategic selection of timber cladding as an external rainscreen in a social housing context. It provides performance criteria for specifying timber cladding and indicates what needs to be considered to achieve these in practice. The document highlights performance benefits across a range of intended design outcomes and is designed to help ensure that timber cladding is used appropriately. Timber cladding should not be viewed in isolation and should be considered very early on in the design process when specifying details and deciding on what build system to use.
DOWNLOAD GUIDANCE

Wood Fibre Insulation in the UK

by

A relatively old report written in 2013 on wood fibre insulation in the UK authored by our now Chief Executive, Gary Newman, when acting as an independent consultant for Forestry Commission Scotland and Woodknowledge Wales. The report was never published but we consider it highly relevant to today’s discussions about how Wales can become a high value forest nation and delivery zero carbon housing (both new and existing) by 2050.  Access to the full report here.

From garden sleeper to beautiful window. Challenging perceptions about Welsh timber

by

Custom Precision Joinery rose to the challenge laid down by Dainis Dauksta at a Woodknowledge Wales knowledge event on Developing the Welsh Joinery Sector – Barriers and Opportunities for Windows by offering to make a demonstration window from (1) local Welsh timber (2) to a specification acceptable to housing associations and (3) have it ready for WoodBUILD 2019. We were not disappointed!
This second knowledge event in our “Campaign for Wood Windows” looked at how the Welsh Joinery sector can respond to the real and growing demand from the social housing sector to supply wood windows and ultimately how the joinery sector can access home-grown timber to be used in making those windows.

Larch on planer showing straightness of the grain

Larch for the windows on planner. This photo shows the straightness of the grain after the first 20-30cm which can be removed.

During the event Dainis Dauksta (sawmiller, designer and consultant) had challenged perceptions that Welsh (and UK) forest plantations provide low grade softwood which is only fit for fence posts and biofuel. He urged us all to learn more and not to make the mistaken judgement that fast grown is always inferior to slow grown or that large ring width means low density. His talk illustrated how large Welsh logs which are currently being used in low value markets such as fencing and bio-fuel can provide high grade joinery timber.

The Timber

Two reject larch garden sleepers (2.4m*250mm*125mm) obtained from BSW were resawn (by Dainis Dauksta) into joinery sizes as specified by Custom Precision Joinery. The sleepers, which had been air dried were cut so that the juvenile corewood [1] was specifically sawn out and excluded from the final joinery grade product, this is because the core wood can have properties which are significantly different, and variable compared to the mature wood.

“Home grown larch is currently such an under-utilised joinery timber” said Dainis Dauksta who supplied the material used by Custom Precision Joinery. “High quality joinery grade timber is currently going into low value end markets which is such a waste of our resources.  This project showed just how easy it was to select and cut joinery grade timber from larch that was being sold as reject garden sleepers.”

Custom Precision Joinery checked the joinery grade larch on delivery and confirmed that it was fit for purpose. The scantlings where then conditioned in their workshop for two weeks before machining into the required profiles.

British grown larch is a moderately durable softwood with a colour that ranges from a light to dark brown heartwood to a white sapwood. It has a density of around 550kg/m3 at a moisture content of 12%.  When wet it has a tendency to distort but once dry it is generally stable.  Potentially large volumes of larch could become available in Wales because of the Phytophthora ramorum epidemic.  Larch is a very useful construction timber and larch grown in Wales can already be visually strength graded to C24.  It can be used for cladding, structural and joinery applications. High-quality stainless-steel fixings should be used to avoid corrosion of fixings.

The Windows

2 windows displayed on a table at a conference trade show

Two windows made by Custom Precision Joinery from Welsh larch and on display at WoodBUILD 2019.

Two windows were made at Custom Precision Joinery in Buckley, north Wales, they were the same design but had different paint finishes.  The windows were made to a design supplied by Coastal Specialist Ironmongery Ltd (also participants in our windows workshop). The design used was one which has already been approved as suitable for social housing.

“We are very pleased with how these windows turned out” said Colin Morris from Custom Precision Joinery. ”A large percentage of home grown timbers are generally of a higher standard than that of imported timbers. However, the Welsh supply chain is an issue for manufacturers in the joinery sector like us. But with the right investment and perseverance Wales has a unique opportunity to enhance this sector.”

What next?

Profile detail of window made by Custom Precision Joinery, fixtures by Coastal Specialist Ironmongery and paint finish by Remmers (UK) Lrd.

This project has shown that high quality joinery items can be made from Welsh timber that is currently being sawn and sold for low value garden sleepers. Just by grading and sawing that same material in a different way it has been transformed into a high value joinery grade timber.
Simple interventions like this could help develop the supply chain for Welsh timber and offer smaller sawmills opportunities to diversify and provide higher value products into the joinery sector. However, the demand for joinery products made from Welsh timbers need to developed. One way to do this is by working with housing associations and local authorities. This is being done through the Home-Grown Homes Project, led by Powys County Council which is exploring supply chain interventions to encourage growth of the timber sector in Wales.
At the end of the Home-Grown Homes Project a set of recommendations will be presented to Welsh Government with case studies to demonstrate how interventions could help improve the supply of Welsh timber to Welsh house building manufactures to build more and better homes.

Woodknowledge Wales would like to thank Custom Precision Joinery for offering to make these windows from Welsh timber and putting them on show at WoodBUILD 2019. We would also like to thank Coastal Specialist Ironmongery for their part in providing the specification for the window design and Craig Lovatt, formally of Custom Precision Joinery and now of Remmers (UK) Ltd for initiating the project.

[1] Corewood or ‘juvenile wood’ is found within the first 10–20 annual rings adjacent to the pith.

Professor Callum Hill’s update on the positive environmental impact of wood 2016

by

In a review of the environmental impact of wood products, leading Welsh wood scientist, Callum Hill shows that timber products lock-up more carbon than is used in their production. The study also shows that generic embodied carbon data quoted from independent databases such as the Inventory of Carbon and Energy (ICE) tend to underestimate the benefit of wood.

Download